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Paul Ekman, Emotions

Ekman developed a list of basic emotions from cross-cultural research on prominent individuals of the tribe of Papua New Guinea. He noted that members of a culture isolated from the Stone Age are able to identify with a high degree of reliability emotional expressions by looking at the photographs taken of people from cultures with which they have not been familiar.

were also able to award certain facial expressions to descriptions of situations specific. With that information, concluded that some expressions are basic, universal or biologically, the human species. The following is the list compiled by Ekman (1972) of human emotions:

Disgust Fear Happiness
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Surprise Sadness

However, in the 1990 extended this list Ekman fifteen basic phrases, and included a wider range of positive expressions (Ekman, 1999).

Contrary to the beliefs of some cultural anthropologists like Margaret Mead , Ekman found that facial expressions of emotions are culturally determined, but rather are universal and thus have a biological origin, such as the hypothesis raised by Charles Darwin.

The scientific community now agrees that Ekman's findings are valid. Among the expressions which he classified as universal are those who express anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise. As to contempt, or disdain, is less clear, although there is preliminary evidence that this emotion and its expression can be recognized universally.

Ekman described "microexpressions" facial, as demonstrated, can be used to detect lies with any degree of reliability, referred to it as part of the Diogenes Project. He also developed the Facial Coding System of Shares (in English, "Facial Action Coding System" FACS) to classify all human facial expressions imaginable. He has published research on a wide variety of topics within the field of nonverbal behavior. His work on lies, for example, were not limited to facial expressions, but relied on observations about the entire human body.